The refrigeration cycle is a critical component of HVAC systems and is governed by the principles of thermodynamics. The refrigeration system is designed so that the refrigerant will evaporate in the evaporator at a temperature that's about 10° to 15° below the temperature setting if it's a refrigerator or freezer, and the temperature will drop to around 0° in the evaporator of an ice machine or ice cream machine. 1. When the high-pressure liquid hits the small restrictor in the metering device, the pressure is immediately reduced. Take a look at the diagram at the top of this piece and start at the bottom left. Vapour-compression refrigeration or vapor-compression refrigeration system (VCRS), in which the refrigerant undergoes phase changes, is one of the many refrigeration cycles and is the most widely used method for air-conditioning of buildings and automobiles. This pressure difference makes it easier to boil water.Manipulating the refrigerant’s pressure to change its boiling point is a crucial part of what makes the refrigeration cycle possible.If we take an 8oz cup of 150 degree coffee and mix it with an 8oz cup of 50 degree iced coffee, we would create a 16oz coffee with a temperature of 100 degrees.Both amounts of liquid are equal and the mid-point between 150-degrees and 50-degrees is 100-degrees.When an air conditioner or refrigerator is cooling a space, do not think about it as adding cold air into the space.
This process in the compressor also greatly increased the pressure from a low-pressure in the suction line entering the compressor, to a high-pressure vapor leaving the compressor.The condenser’s job is to reject heat (drop the temperature) of the refrigerant to its condensing (saturation) temperature, then to further reject heat until the refrigerant fully turns to liquid. When we measure subcooling we are measuring degrees of temperature rejected once the refrigerant has turned completely to liquid.The metering device is a pressure differential device that creates a pressure drop to facilitate refrigerant boiling in the evaporator coil.The metering device is located between the liquid line and the evaporator. This is the first in a series of advanced basic articles on the refrigeration cycle. The compressor also (generally) relies on the cool suction gas from the evaporator to cool the compressor properly, so it’s a delicate balance to keep a compressor from being flooded and also keep it cool.Condensers come in all different types, shapes, and sizes. Liquid slugging will most likely cause damage to the compressor instantly. Simultaneously, the expansion device and compressor help us manipulate the pressure of the refrigerant to make the cycle possible.
It accomplishes this through the refrigerant changing from liquid to vapor (boiling). The compressor is like the heart that pumps the blood in the body or like the sun that provides the earth its energy. This occurs when liquid refrigerant dilutes the oil in the compressor crankcase and creates foaming, and it will greatly reduce the life of the compressor because it will not receive proper lubrication and too much oil will be carried out of the compressor and into other parts of the system. Lets use water for the following example:At sea level water boils at 212 degrees Fahrenheit. Venom Pack Condenser Cleaner is a high foaming pure concentrate liquid designed to tackle the toughest soils. The percentage of the refrigerant that changes during flashing depends on how great the difference is. Before we dive in, let’s get an understanding of four key concepts:This is the amount of heat required to turn a liquid into a gas. When the air temperature or airflow over the coil is lower, it will have lower pressure and temperature in the coil due to less heat being absorbed in the coil.The refrigerant leaves the evaporator, travels down the suction line and heads back to the compressor where the cycle starts all over again.The suction line should contain low-pressure superheated suction vapor. As stated in the gas laws, an increase in pressure causes an increase in temperature and a decrease in volume. Most modern condensers flow air over the tubing where the refrigerant is flowing. The refrigerant entering the condenser was just compressed by the compressor, and this process increased the temperature by packing the molecules together which added heat to the vapor refrigerant due to the motor and mechanical workings of the compressor.
Refrigeration Cycle It is a well known fact that heat flows in the direction of decreasing temperature, i.e., from a high temperature region to a low temperature region.
To cool the refrigerant down it is passed through the expansion valve, this will reduce the pressure of the refrigerant by restricting how much can flow through the valve. If it kept going that way it would trip the internal overload on the compressor or cause other damage.The hot vapor from the compressor enters the condenser and the superheat (temperature above condensing temperature) is then removed. A larger difference between the liquid line temperature and the evaporator boiling temperature results in more liquid lost to flashing and reduces the efficiency of operation.There are a few different types of metering devices. A scroll compressor does not have any up-down motion like a reciprocating compressor. A scroll compressor uses an oscillating motion to compress the low-pressure vapor into high-pressure vapor.The compressor pressurizes low-pressure vapor into high-pressure vapor, but it also causes the temperature of the gas to increase. It can cause liquid slugging, which is liquid refrigerant entering the compression portion of the compressor. The purpose of the refrigeration cycle is to remove the heat in a given area and reject it outside. For instance, if you turned off the condenser fan so that no air was flowing over the condenser coil, the condenser would get hotter and hotter. Many more parts and controls may be added, but these basics are the cornerstone on which everything else you will learn is based.
Manipulating the refrigerant’s pressure to change its boiling point is a crucial part of what makes the refrigeration cycle possible. Liquid entering the compressor through the suction line is a very serious problem. The refrigerant maintains a constant temperature until every molecule of vapor is condensed. Less heat means a colder room!Now that we know these principles, we can talk about how the refrigeration cycle works in HVAC. This pressure difference makes it easier to boil water.
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