These are averaged using face left and face right readings but for single face readings must be determined by the calibration function of the total station.How can we determine the vertical collimation error?Vertical collimation error can be detected if the horizontal base line of angle from 0° to 180° in the vertical circle does not coincide with the vertical axis of instrument.I use a topcon GTS 229 total station. You want to be centered so that each point roughly has the same angle distribution. In theory this should give you better results at your resected station than would be possible by setting up and backsighting on any pair of points.Geo-referencing after the fact is possible but the more you can do in the field the better - saving work down the line and making what you do more relevant!A great place for Land Surveyors to get together and share tips and tricks from the field. This is a major reason for the use of 3 or 4 points in a resection, because then the extra measurements should cancel out some of the errors in the total station.It is perfectly possible to start a survey on an arbitrary point, backsight to another arbitrary point, and then connect to survey marks. In some instances, this might be preferable.I have always had the question that since I know that the accuracy of those device is poor, wouldn't that influence the result.Ah... What? It just requires due care and understanding like all survey methods and proceduresIf positions are by others measure between them, then translate/rotate on over so that you control the geometry.The nice thing about the resection is that any error in the points - which there will always be - gets 'distributed' among the points being shot. Provided that at least two survey marks are connected to, the survey can be adjusted in the office to fit those marks. Compared to resection, you are limited to a given point to set up the instrument. Controllers .

Do it at least 3 times. This error can’t be eliminated by taking two face (face left and face right) readings unlike the horizontal collimation error.If the instrument is fitted with a compensator it will measure residual tilts of the instrument and will apply corrections to the horizontal and vertical angles for these.Image Source: Lecture Series by Trinity College DublinHowever all compensators will have a longitudinal error l and traverse error t known as zero point errors. Brings you the latest insights into the research & developments in the geospatial industry and academics. All that said, I usually just pop in two points using my GPS. Despite the vast technological advancements in equipment, the survey industry continues to struggle However, this is the only real disadvantage. My state has a pretty good CORS system so it helps me avoid some of that control inaccuracy due to compounding error.Don’t ever do a two point resection. Of course, if you don't need it to be in the same co-ordiante system as other work, you can do the whole survey in an arbitrary system.
I have always had the question that since I know that the accuracy of those device is poor, wouldn't that influence the result.

Topic 6: Angle measurement: Intersection and resection. Achieve the highest accuracy and reliability with our productive total stations that provide superb angle and distance technology and a powerful suite of onboard Apps. Not only are you creating open traverse legs, you're creating a mess.If you resect, especially on jobs that require tolerance, collect all points, break setup and repeat. GIS Resources is an initiative of Spatial Media and Services Enterprises with the purpose that everyone can enrich their knowledge and develop competitiveness. If you can't model that, throw in a 4th point to constrain your position.Each time I've been on a team where we had to survey a small private parcel of land, resection is done by taking co-ordinates of two or three points near the plot, then those co-ordinates act as known points for station orientation.Yup, the resection will give you a co-ordinate quality for each of your resected control points and a quality for your occupied point.


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